indigenous

 Languages of Jalisco: Indigenous Languages & Spanish  Cecily Devoto    When the Spaniards first arrived in 1522 it was said that over 72 languages could be heard in the present-day state of Jalisco, or Nueva Galicia. The indigenous groups that resided in Nueva Galicia are hard to trace due to the widespread displacement that took place - starting in 1529. As stated on the  Jalisco (History)    page, four factors affected the post-contact of the indigenous distribution of Nueva Galicia. Even though the Spaniards tried desperately to colonialize all of Nueva Galicia, there were some groups that have records, and some that still exist today. (Schmal).

 Cocas  The Coca Indians resided in the central region of Jalisco (Nueva Galicia). When the Spaniards arrived to colonize, this indigenous group moved to a small valley that was surrounded by mountains - a place called "Cocolan." Because of their peaceful nature, the Spaniards left this indigenous group alone, and still to this day, the Coca language can be heard in these towns:     José Ramírez Flores lists Cuyutlán, San Marcos, Tlajomulco, Toluquilla and Poncitlán.   Coras   The Cora Indians lived in what is present-day Nayarit, but also in northwestern Jalisco. Today, there are about 15,000 Cora people continuing to survive. The word "mariachi" is believed by some people to have originated in the Cora language. The language, today, is spoken in both Nayarit and Jalisco.("Cora") Here in an example of some Cora vocabulary:   || __<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cora __<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> || || <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sa <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">i  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> || || <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Wá'apwa <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> || || <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Waihka  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> || || <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mwaákwa  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> || || <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Anshivi  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> || || <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Taáta'a  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> || || <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uúka  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> || || <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tzeuk  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> || || <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Xeucat  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> || || <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Másk  <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">i   <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">ra'i   <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> || || <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Háh || <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span style="display: block; text-align: right; font-size: 130%; color: rgb(227, 84, 49);">Cuyutecos The Cuyuteco Indians settled in the southwestern region of Jalisco, and these Indians spoke the Nahua language of the Aztecs. This Indian group was largely decimated by the diseases that plagued in the 16th century, thus they were partially repopulated by Spaniards and Indian settlers. <span style="font-size: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: left; display: block; color: rgb(177, 72, 37);"> Huicholes  Many historians believe that the Huicholes have descended from the Guachichiles, but that is just speculation. The Huicholes inhabited in the northwestern region of Jalisco, near the border of Nayarit. The Huicholes Indians became isolated due to their wishes to stay away from the Spaniards. Because of this, the Huicholes have been able to survive up to today. Here is an example of the Huicholes language. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 130%; color: rgb(210, 52, 20);">
 * __<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Spanish __<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uno <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dos <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tres <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cuatro  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cinco  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hombre  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mujer  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perro  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sol  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Luna  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Agua  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(240, 101, 66);"> Purepecha <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> The Purepecha Indians - also refered to as the Tarscos, Porhe, or Tarascans, lived in present-day Michoacan. During the 15th and 16th centuries, this indigenous group rivaled the Aztec Empire. Still today, the Purepecha Indians exist - number 120,000 speakers in 1990. The Purepecha language has been spoken in the southern region of Jalisco.

When the Spaniards came in 1522 they tried to infuse Spanish as much as possible, sometimes they succeeded, and sometimes (as seen above) they did not. However, the Spanish they brought to the state of Jalisco is still spoken today. One can see such phonetic features such as: seseo, yeismo, the favoring of consonants, and tuteo. Here is an example of a Spanish speaker from the city of Guadalajara.

<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family: 'Trebuchet MS';">media type="file" key="tiny.3gp"

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sources: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Cora (Corapan)." __<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cora Language and the Cora Indian Tribe __<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">. 2008. Native Languages of the Americas. 6 Dec 2008 <http://www.native-languages.org/cora.htm>. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> "Huichol Indian Language." __<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Huichol Indians __<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">. 2008. Native Languages of the Americas. 3 Dec 2008 < http://www.native-languages.org/huichol.htm >. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Schmal, John. "Sixteenth Century Indigenous Mexico." __<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">Indigenous Identity in the Mexican Census __<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">. 2004. 3 Dec 2008 <http://www.indigenouspeople.net/jalisco.htm>. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, sans-serif;">